Dissociation, Depersonalisation and Derealisation What is Derealization?

Derealization is a term that might not be well-known to many, yet it affects a significant number of people. It is a dissociative experience where the external world feels unreal or distorted. This guide aims to explain what derealization is, how it manifests, and how to provide support to those experiencing it.

What is Derealization?​

Derealization is a psychological condition where an individual feels detached from their surroundings. The environment may seem foggy, dreamlike, or visually distorted. People experiencing derealization might describe it as if they are living in a movie or watching life through a veil or glass. It can occur on its own or as part of other mental health conditions, such as anxiety disorders, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

The Biological Basis​

Derealization can be triggered by various factors, including stress, trauma, substance use, or certain medical conditions. It is thought to be a coping mechanism, where the mind distances itself from reality to protect from overwhelming emotions or stressors. Neurobiological factors may also play a role, involving disruptions in the brain areas responsible for perception and self-awareness.

Symptoms of Derealization​

Derealization manifests in various ways, and its intensity can vary from person to person. Common symptoms include:

• Visual Distortion: Objects may appear blurry, larger, smaller, or farther away than they actually are.
• Emotional Numbing: Feeling emotionally disconnected from the world around.
• Altered Perception of Time: Time may seem to slow down or speed up.
• Feeling Detached: A sense of being an outside observer to one’s own life and surroundings.
• Environmental Distortion: The world might seem artificial, colorless, or two-dimensional.

Impact on Daily Life​

Derealization can significantly impact a person's daily life. It can cause difficulty concentrating, working, or maintaining relationships. The persistent feeling of unreality can lead to heightened anxiety and depression, creating a challenging cycle that can be hard to break.

Addressing Derealization​

Managing derealization involves various strategies that aim to reduce symptoms and address underlying causes:

1. Grounding Techniques: These are strategies to help reconnect with the present moment. Techniques include focusing on physical sensations (like holding a cold object), deep breathing exercises, or engaging in activities that require attention.
2. Therapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and other forms of psychotherapy can help individuals understand and manage their symptoms. Therapy can also address underlying issues like trauma or anxiety.
3. Medication: While there is no specific medication for derealization, treating associated conditions like anxiety or depression with medications can help reduce symptoms.
4. Stress Management: Regular exercise, a healthy diet, sufficient sleep, and mindfulness practices can help manage stress, which can reduce episodes of derealization.
5. Education and Support: Learning about derealization can help reduce fear and anxiety about the condition. Support from friends, family, or support groups can also be beneficial.

Misconceptions about Derealization​

There are many misconceptions about derealization. Some people might think it is simply zoning out or daydreaming, but it is a distinct and often distressing experience. Others might believe it is a sign of severe mental illness, but derealization can occur in otherwise healthy individuals, particularly in response to stress.

How to Support Someone Experiencing Derealization​

Supporting someone with derealization involves understanding, patience, and empathy:

1. Listen and Validate: Take their experiences seriously and listen without judgment. Validate their feelings and acknowledge that what they are experiencing is real to them.
2. Stay Calm: Remaining calm and reassuring can help reduce their anxiety and fear during an episode.
3. Encourage Grounding Techniques: Gently suggest grounding techniques that can help them reconnect with the present moment.
4. Be Patient: Understand that recovery and managing symptoms can take time. Be patient and supportive as they work through their experiences.
5. Educate Yourself: Learn more about derealization to better understand what your loved one is going through and how you can help.

Understanding derealization is crucial for providing support to those who experience it. It is more than just feeling detached or out of sorts; it is a complex and often distressing condition that affects how a person perceives the world around them. By educating ourselves and offering compassionate support, we can help those dealing with derealization feel more understood and less isolated. If you or someone you know is experiencing derealization, seeking professional help is an important step towards managing and reducing its impact.

If you or someone you know is in immediate distress, please seek emergency assistance or contact a mental health crisis hotline.